There are more routine types of Sacrifices that can be done when you are Beneath. These require the obtaining of Lost Pages, fragments of forbidden knowledge left behind. These are found in structures like the Fortress, Ruined Portal, and Bastion remnant.
The Ancient Altar can hold and display up to a stack of any item. Right Click is used to insert or swap items in the altar.
If Blackstone is not readily available for crafting an Ancient Altar, it may be crafted from Soot and regular stone.
Recipe: beneath:crafting/blackstone_from_soot
Recipe: beneath:crafting/blackstone_bricks_from_soot
Most sacrifices require a cut Gem of any kind to activate, and consume the gem upon completion. The most basic sacrifice is that of reading the information on the Lost Page. To do this, place a blank page on the altar and Right Click with the gem. To open a page and read its contents, hold it and press Right Click.
Lost Pages have three items of interest: their Cost, Reward, and Punishment. These values are fixed when the page is activated, but are randomized from a fixed set of values otherwise. This means that two pages which perform the same cost and reward may have different levels of utility.
The Cost of a sacrifice is a single ingredient, much like crafting, with an amount. This cost is to be placed on other ancient altars, placed on the same level within 5 blocks of the center altar, on which the lost page goes. Stacks containing items in excess of the total cost of the sacrifice may still be consumed, so be precise!
The Reward of a sacrifice is obtained by Right Click on the altar with the page, if the cost is present. The reward is spawned as items above the altar. Rewards are reduced by half if performed in the Overworld.
The Punishment of a sacrifice can range from 'No Punishment', to some extra items, to an attack from some dangerous monsters. The punishment is always known in advance, as it is written on the page. There is no detailed list of punishments, but feel free to experiment (also, it is not hard to figure out what the punishments are, if you know where to look).
The list of sacrifices is detailed in the List of Sacrifices chapter for easy reading.